Indoor navigation systems based on data mining techniques in internet of things: a survey

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Internet of Things (IoT) is turning into an essential part of daily life, and numerous IoT-based scenarios will be seen in future of modern cities ranging from small indoor situations to huge outdoor environments. In this era, navigation continues to be a crucial element in both outdoor and indoor environments, and many solutions have been provided in both cases. On the other side, recent smart objects have produced a substantial amount of various data which demands sophisticated data mining solutions to cope with them. This paper presents a detailed review of previous studies on using data mining techniques in indoor navigation systems for the loT scenarios. We aim to understand what type of navigation problems exist in different IoT scenarios with a focus on indoor environments and later on we investigate how data mining solutions can provide solutions on those challenges

EFFECTS OF HUMAN FOLLICULAR FLUID AND SYNTHETIC SERUM SUBSTITUTE ON HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND CELL CLEAVAGE

The development of culture media able to mimic the preovulatory stage of follicular environment and support nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocyte is important for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. It seems that the best culture media for embryonic development and cell cleavage is the natural composition which surrounds the oocyte which has been used occasionally in human IVF programs. For further investigation of effects of natural media composition of human follicular fluid (HFF) on embryo development, we compared the biochemical constituents of HFF with synthetic serum substitute (3S) and their effects on embryo development and cell cleavage. From a total of 40 women with unexplained infertility, who attended for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in IVF center of Mirzakoochak Khan Hospital, we collected the HFF during oocyte pick-up in operation room. The chemical composition of HFF was compared to 3S medium culture to identify which natural components of follicular fluid might enhance embryo maturation in vitro. The results of comparison between HFF and 3S culture media indicated significant differences in biochemical component except for Na and bilirubin concentration and pH level (P<0.05) and significant differences between the rates of cell cleavage in 3S compared to HFF media (P<0.05). Furthermore the rate of embryo cell cleavage related to HFF is faster than 3S medium. There was no significant difference between the development of embryos in 3S and HFF media culture. Our data confirm the benefit of the use of HFF as a culture medium

Effects of elevational gradient on leaf and stomatal morphology of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran

Land use/land cover change (LULC) is a major threat to natural protected areas worldwide. This paper explores the relationships between four estimated LULC parameters for 17 Mexican biosphere reserves (BRs) for 1993–2002 on a GIS platform, and ten socioeconomic factors obtained from census data. These relationships were tested through linear correlations and multivariate analysis. BRs showed lower human demographic pressure, but higher population dispersion, social marginality, percentage of rain-fed agriculture area, and dependence upon agriculture and cattle compared to nationwide values. BRs also varied in their indigenous population, and showed cattle overpopulation, and low immigration and road density. Socioeconomic factors explained 87% of LULC variation. High population and road density, cattle overpopulation and low percentage indigenous population were related to percentage of transformed area (2002). Conversely, small population and road density, large proportion of indigenous population and high dependency on agriculture and cattle, were related to the rate of change in transformed area (1993–2002). High human population growth and urban concentration occurred when BRs suffered higher LULC than their corresponding ecoregions. Including socioeconomic conditions prevailing in BRs and their influence on LULC in reserve management and rural development planning will improve strategies for the confluence of conservation and development goals